History

By the chapel architect George Morgan of Carmarthen, and one of a group of 4 in Wales using Romanesque and Lombardic styles. The chapel was rebuilt by Morgan in 1880; the first chapel was built in 1836, as shown by a cast iron date plaque built into the SW forecourt wall. As part of a redevelopment of the 1990s, the N vestry was taken down and replaced by a new one to the S, along with a new staircase turret.

Exterior

Two-storey gable-end facade with narrow flanking staircase bays. The front elevation is of snecked rock-faced stone, the side walls and rear of rubble stone, all under slate roofs, and with prominent pale stone quoins and dressings. Shallow full-width canted porch with a pair of gabled doorways to the centre. Each has a round-arched head with several orders of mouldings, the inner ones with pronounced chevron ornament. These are supported on attached clustered shafts, the central ones shared, with exuberant foliate capitals. Metal openwork gates to doorways, with scrollwork, a band of circles at impost level and a large cross. The gables have copings with foliate end bosses and large finials. Single round-headed windows flanking each side of entrance, and similar openings in each canted section. The porch is crowned by a dressed stone parapet with a band of recessed quatrefoils in circles, surmounted by a coping of round-arched stones. Above the porch is a large central round-headed window. It contains 2 inner round-arched openings and a roundel above, the inner openings also 2-light with roundel. The arches spring off shared ringed shafts with foliate imposts, which continue across the elevation as an impost band. The central window is flanked by single round-headed lights. Above each is a round stone panel containing a blind quatrefoil. Dressed angle pilasters to gallery level with foliated imposts, which support a raised Lombard frieze to the verges of the gable. The gable is broken by a plain dressed string course, above which are 3 stepped round-headed louvres with continuous hoodmould and a further string course at impost level. The narrow end bays each have a single round-headed window at gallery level set in a tall recessed panel, above a short 2-light window, the lights with shouldered heads. These side bays have parapets in the same style as the porch, with hipped roofs set back behind. Partly indecipherable stone below centre porch columns, inscribed 'This Memorial was laid August .. 1880 by ... ' (indecipherable).

Two-storey 6-bay side walls with 2-light windows, those to the lower storey have flat shouldered heads; those above are plate traceried with round-headed lights and a small circle above. Replaced wooden window frames, except for lower S windows. To the S elevation, a late C20 staircase turret replaces the E windows. To its L is a link corridor to the late C20 vestry, of pale snecked stone with a hipped roof. The lower L window is blocked with stone. The N side is 4-window to the upper storey, with 2 windows below. The scar of the former vestry gable is visible to the L, within which is the remains of a blocked round-headed window with yellow brick dressing. The E gable end bears a roundel at mid-level with pierced circular lights, above 4 single square headed lights.

Interior

Inside the porch are spiral stone staircases to L and R, curving outwards towards the gallery. The porch has a groined vaulted plaster ceiling and 2 highly ornate doorways leading into the chapel which are identical to the 2 external doorways. They contain diagonally boarded doors. The vestibule has a 4-light window, each light with a trefoiled head and containing Art Nouveau glass, with flanking panelled doors leading into the chapel. Four-sided gallery on round columns with small foliate capitals. The panels contain iron fretwork with quatrefoils and crosses, above wooden planking. Six rows of curved pews to rear. The pulpit and straight flanking staircases were built as one. The pulpit has a front of 3 round open arches with cusps, with a further arch to each angled side. Under each arch is a frieze of open ironwork with scrolls and a large cross. The staircase fronts have plain round arches and small pierced circles in the spandrels. Large curved set fawr of open panels above wooden planking and with a moulded handrail. Large double panelled doors behind pulpit (the pulpit can be removed during baptisms). Three banks of box pews with curved bench ends; wainscot panelling surmounted by a frieze of quatrefoils. One of the lower S windows has been converted to a door leading to the vestry. Moulded continuous rear arches to upper side windows, which also support the arched ceiling braces. These have large foliate corbels, all in a different design. Panelled ceiling with six arched braces. Wooden fretwork ceiling roses, square and set at angle, down centre of ceiling. Stained glass to E and W windows. Three stained glass windows to N side, all memorials with Biblical scenes and later C20. Two marble tablets on S wall to former ministers; one with swags and a bible to David Griffiths (d. 1911), the second to David Thomas (d. 1864).

Reasons for Listing

Listed grade II* as an unusually finely detailed building in scarce Romanesque style by a nationally-important chapel architect.
Group value with its forecourt, gate piers and railings and Aberavon Bridge.

External Links

• Cadwr Listing
• Ebenezer Welsh Baptist Chapel at Wikipedia
• Ebenezer Welsh Baptist Chapel official website
• Wikidata Q17739503

External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry.

Recommended Books

• 
  Cornwall (Pevsner Architectural Guides) (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
• 
  Historic Environment Law: Planning, Listed Buildings, Monuments, Conservation Areas and Objects by Harwood, Richard (2012) Paperback
• 
  Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas and Monuments
• 
  Pevsner's Architectural Glossary (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Introductions)
• 
  Gwent/Monmouthshire (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of Wales)
• 
  This Old House: Restoring, Rehabilitating, and Renovating an Older House